The uncertainty around the future development of the nile river regime is rooted in several factors physically and politically affecting the opportunities for basin wide cooperative agreements and efficient integrated water management. Blue nile and nile basin hydrology, climatology, and water allocation the blue nile headwaters emanate at the outlet of lake tana in the ethiopian highlands, as presented in figure 1. The nbi secretariat nilesec is the executive and technical arm of the nbi, an institution jointly owned by all the 10 member states. Since around 3000 bce, the egyptians constructed earthen banks to form flood basins of various sizes that were regulated by sluices to floodwater into the basin where it would sit until the soil was saturated, the water.
Water quality management in the nile basin nile basin water. The nile basin initiative nbi is an intergovernmental partnership of ten nile riparian countries that is seeking to manage and develop the common nile water resources in a cooperative manner and promote regional peace and security. Reconstructing the nile basin water allocation dialogue mdpi. Current dam operation and release strategies, that are able to meet the water demand in the various nile countries under the actual conditions, may not be sufficient to meet the demands in future, this because both the supply as. The river basin is characterized by unevenly distributed water resources and uses. Pdf since 1999 a multilateral effort termed the nile basin initiative has been underway among the nile riparians to explore opportunities for. His focus is mainly within the nile basin, in areas of flood protection and early warning, transboundary joint multipurpose projects, irrigation and drainage, watershed management, basin wide hydrologic studies, and development of planning and decision support tools. The nile basin covers an area of around 3 million km 2, or nearly 10% of the landmass of the african continent, and is home to 160 million people. Water management intervention analysis in the nile basin. Water quality management in the nile basin nile basin. Introduction it is now part of the international water resource communitys lexicon to argue that water is an economic good. The nile basin water resources have been extensively studied during the last 125 years for planning and management purposes, in particular with regard to the use of blue water in the downstream. The nile basin by its size, political divisions and history constitutes a major freshwaterrelated environmental resource and focus of attention. The geopolitics of water in the nile river basin global.
In egypt and sudan, population is largely concentrated along the course of the river nile. In recognition of this, the nile council of ministers declared 2019 the year of the nile basin, with the motto putting water at the heart of regional transformation. Impacts on egypt water resources management and road map research pdf available august 2015 with 11,304 reads how we measure reads. These countries are known as the ten riparian countries due to. Abstract the nile, shared by 10 river basin countries, is the main vital water artery in the north eastern region of africa. The nile the worlds longest river runs through 10 countries, four of which are water scarce. Perspectives of the grand ethiopian renaissance dam gerd yohannes yihdego. Potential evaporation rates in the nile region are high, making the basin particularly. The nile river basin is located in the water scarce aridsemiarid region of the african continent, where eleven riparian countries struggle to satisfy their own water requirements. Agricultural water management awm interventions in the nile basin arc a.
The nile river basin comprises of ten countries namely, burundi, democratic republic of congo, egypt, eritrea, ethiopia, kenya, rwanda, sudan, tanzania, and uganda. The nile basin initiative nbi is an intergovernmental organization initiated and led by the nile riparian countries to promote joint development, protection and management of the common nile basin water resources. Opportunities and challenges of the growing nile population. Nile river basin case study and the modern water disputes. As water in egypt becomes scare, surfacewater sources originating from the nile river basin now make it a potential flashpoint in africa as multiple countries compete for access to this precious resource. Therefore, managing and sharing nile water in an equitable manner is a complex matter, especially with respect to the existing power balance in the region. The population of the nile basin countries was estimated around 372 million in 2005 with 54% of the total population lives within the nile basin. Cooperative management of the nile river basin is one of the greatest opportunities of the global international waters agenda and provides a major prospect for riparian countries to realize significant transboundary economic and environmental benefits. The water resources of the nile basin are already used in various ways, of which agricultural irrigation is one.
Water availability appears to be the chief determinant of population distribution in the basin. The egyptians practiced basin irrigation, a form of water management adapted to the natural rise and fall of the nile river. During the reporting period, the nile basin initiative turned 20 years of existence on february 22, 2019. General statistics, by farming system, within the nile basin 87. Furthermore, numerous comhinations of this continuum are possible, creating what is termed here as awm technology suites that can be applicable at the household or farm level, community or small catchmentwatershed level, sub basin, basin or regional level. These are made available in current arcviewarc reader formats and can. Egypt water policy reform nile river water quality management study egypt water policy reform contract no. Involvement of the italian cooperation in nile basin cooperation started in 1996 with project gcpraf286ita operational water resources management and information system in the nile basin countries. In addition, the basins hydrology is highly variable through. Water experts believe there is not enough water in the river to meet the various irrigation goals of the nile basin nations. If the flow of the river nile would change considerably, this will have effect on the water management in the nile.
Nile river basin the international water management institute. Pdf on jan 1, 2008, yasir mohamed and others published the nile basin water resources. Water resources management in the nile basin papers in the ssrn. Nilesec is applying the nile basin decision support system nbdss to address strategic water resources issues identified in 20 in consultation with niletac members. Nile basin water resources atlas nile basin intitative nbi.
Nbi nile basin initiative, 2012, the state of the nile river basin 2012, nile basin initiative, entebbe, 256 pp. This is in addition to providing tailored analytic support to member states, on water resources planning and management from a transboundary perspective. In 1929, the nile water agreement was signed between egypt and britain, granting egypt the right to inspect any upstream nile related water projects with the potential to compromise its river flow. The nile countries have a combined population of 437 million, 54 per cent of which 238 million resides in the nile basin. The nile basin countries have been able to assemble together historical data into a single database in a bid to come up with a tool for multi objective water resources allocation decisionmaking, decision support system dss. Countries in the nile river basin need to adapt to climate change in water management without delay.
The economic value of cooperation, water policy, 73, 2005. Further development of the waters of nile basin requires a full understanding of all the implications of such development for local people, for each riparian nation, and for the other nations that share the same resource. Water sharing in the nile river valley unepdewagridgeneva dr i abstract the issue of freshwater is one of highest priority for the united nations environment programme unep. Particular attention has been paid to the preparation of geographic information system gis information used to prepare the project posters. Nile sec is applying the nile basin decision support system nbdss to address strategic water resources issues identified in 20 in consultation with nile tac members. It presents an inventory of where cooperation among nile riparians is needed, and discusses the required level of cooperation. Nile basin decision support system february 2020 nbi. If the countries of the nbi are successful in launching cooperative basinwide development and management schemes, this will represent a water management enterprise of historic proportions. The nile basin development forum nbdf is a high level biannual regional event that brings together stakeholders from within and outside of the basin to deliberate on opportunities and challenges in the sustainable management and development of the water resources of the nile basin. The uncertainty around the future development of the nile river regime is rooted in several factors physically and politically affecting the opportunities for basinwide cooperative agreements and efficient integrated water management. This paper describes the emerging cooperative regime in the nile basin and analyzes its effectiveness. Ethiopia emphasized sovereignty over its nile water resources without having to coordinate its.
The agreement was rationalised on the basis that egypt is more dependent on the nile than other basin nations. Integrated management of the blue nile basin in ethiopia. Pdf on mar 1, 2015, mostafa abdellatif published water management in africa. With the transformation of government in egypt, as well as the rise. Advertisement position of accountant nile basin initiative. On the first day of the forum,16 journalists who have supported the development of the basin were recognised at the 2017 nile media awards. The 10year strategy translates the nbi shared vision objective to achieve sustainable socioeconomic development through equitable utilization of, and benefit from the shared nile basin water resources, into basin development goals that the institution will work towards. Transboundary water management as a regional public good. Nile basin states shall in their respective territories utilize the water resources of the nile river system and the nile river basin in an equitable. Nile river, dam impacts, stream flow, water management, environmental impacts, dam safety 1 introduction the living standards rise and population growth have put more stress on water resources. Water quality management in the nile basin agricultural runoff, industrial waste and untreated municipal and domestic waste have led to seriously degraded water quality in lake victoria over the past few decades scheren and others 2000, usaid 2009. His focus is mainly within the nile basin, in areas of flood protection and early warning, transboundary joint multipurpose projects, irrigation and drainage, watershed management, basin wide hydrologic studies, and. The agreement was rationalised on the basis that egypt is more dependent on.
Water resources management program nile basin intitative. Water management in the nile basin georgetown library repository. Yilma 5 availability of water for agriculture in the nile basin 61 robyn. A shaduf was used to raise water above the level of the nile. With the increasing demand for water, the world is facing serious water crisis since the beginning of the 21st century cabrera and cobacho. Egypts nile valley basin irrigation time egypt had become a breadbasket for the roman empire, some 1 million hectares of land were effectively under cultivation in the course of a year. It is joined by many important tributaries, draining the central and southwestern ethiopian.
Area of farming systems in the nile basin countries 86 table 29. Furthermore, numerous comhinations of this continuum are possible, creating what is termed here as awm technology suites that can be applicable at the household or farm level, community or small catchmentwatershed level, subbasin, basin or regional level. These countries are known as the ten riparian countries due to their proximity to the nile river basin5. The nile basin water resources atlas provides a platform to visualize the status. The nile, 6,695 kilometres in total length, is, by most accounts, the longest river in the world. Water resources data for nile basin united nations.
It ends with a discussion on how benefits to the nile riparians could be optimized through cooperative management and development of the common nile water resources on a winwin basis. Egypt, and the rest of the nile basin countries, have been sharing water under the original 1929 treaty provisions. The nile basin covers an area of around 3 million km2, or nearly 10% of the landmass of the african continent, and is home to 160 million people. Climate change impacts, nile river, resource conflict, societal stability, security, water agreement. Similarly, the nile riparian acknowledges the need for basin scale management of the nile water resources e. The economic value of cooperation article pdf available in water policy 73. Itt nile group 20 riparian countries gdp growth rate in 2012. Basin water resources, nile basin initiative secretariat.
Information products for nile basin water resources. When planning adaptation across boundaries, riparian countries should focus on preventing transboundary impacts, sharing benefits and risks in an equitable and reasonable manner and cooperating on the basis of equality and reciprocity. Independent evaluation of the nile basin trust fund nbtf final report version. Water resources association and the international association of water law. Water conflict and cooperation in the nile river basin in times. Water bankruptcy in the mighty nile river basin springerlink. The nile basin initiative nbi is an intergovernmental partnership of 10 nile basin countries, namely burundi, dr congo, egypt, ethiopia, kenya, rwanda, south sudan, the sudan, tanzania and uganda. He has participated in largescale projects since 2003. Similarly, the nile riparian acknowledges the need for basin scale management of. In 1929, the nile water agreement was signed between egypt and britain, granting egypt the right to inspect any upstream nilerelated water projects with the potential to compromise its river flow. Nile river basin the international water management. He has particular knowledge of using scenario thinking to support strategy formulation for natural resources management, and to facilitate dialogue processes regarding complex water allocation challenges.
1568 991 1435 978 1372 1018 518 213 25 274 436 1562 676 197 414 718 1459 176 981 822 347 1499 1189 536 428 944 1575 1303 769 898 196 875 214 858 562 1049 1139 832 1156 1316 13